The Dark Shell (1) Dark Matter

The Dark Shell (1) Dark Matter

Abstract: Proposes translational velocity and acceleration of the entire universe toward a primordial wall comprised of chaotic baryonic and compact dark matter. Proposes a limit on the compressibility of dark matter except when passing into a special singularity; a precursor to a big bang. The singularity is formed by and at the surface of the wall due to its fundamental long term oscillation. Proposes that the uniform shape of spiral galaxies, irrespective of their mass, arises from a constraint radius centered on the spiral galaxy within which the dark matter is compact and beyond which the dark matter is expanding. Suggests an ordering of dark matter by wave length due to very compact folding when passing into the singularity. The singularity, a sink hole, is a void into which the dark matter and some baryonic matter expand. It would not be a gravitational sink. This accumulation process would lead to a big bang. Proposes that spiral galaxies will be shaped mainly by baryonic matter within the wall. The outer portions of observed spiral galaxies would fly off as the wall is entered.

/-/- (with general speculative estimates) It is proposed that dark matter has a gas-like expansion characteristic for one of at least two characteristic forms (expanding dark matter). This form is in equilibrium with (and surrounds) the regular form (compact dark matter) which surrounds all regular matter (baryonic matter). A "triple point singularity" is (rarely) formed by the oscillating surface of a dark shell (a complex structure of chaotic matter). This singularity is a sink into which dark matter flows for very long periods of time (many billions of years). Regular baryonic matter (even a black hole) which happens to wander into it is converted into energy. The other side of the singularity exists for a very short period of time (or zero time). When the system becomes unstable, a big bang occurs. The oscillations of the dark shell are anchored by the residual of an ultimate black hole (from which it is derived). An ultimate black hole is as large as the universe. The fate of a universe is to expand and then finally to fall onto the oscillating surface of our dark shell (when it returns) and become part of it (in 50-80 billion years). The dark shell creates about 100 universes per oscillation. It has a limited lifetime and can collapse (onto the surface of a new expanding dark shell).-/-/

[A personal journal, a log written by an engineer.]

02/10/02 -- Dark Matter and the Big Bang This document examines dark matter as it affects our universe and as it might relate to events prior to a big bang.

Assumptions: that dark matter is not compressible beyond some minimum but that it can be “folded” extremely compactly under special circumstances. In the observable universe, dark matter is not folded. Dark matter, in the absence of baryonic matter, tends to expand. Diffuse dark matter fills all of space and is very diffuse when no baryonic matter is close. Our universe is, as a single entity, in translational accelerating motion toward what effectively is a wall of compact dark matter containing some baryonic matter. The surface of this wall has a slight curvature and oscillates perpendicular to the surface with a large time constant (e.g., 300 billion years).

Result: entry into the wall by our universe will cause the accelerated expansion of our universe to cease due to a more uniform distribution of dark matter. As various portions of our universe enter the wall, they would have constant initial velocities but would be subject to local factors. The wall should contain the remnants of other universes. High relative velocities, approaching the speed of light, between fragments of baryonic matter from different universes should be common. Star-star collisions (core to core) arising from these motions may result in the creation of cosmic particles.

Given the uniform character of the shapes of spiral galaxies, it is proposed that the specific amount of dark matter needed to create such a standard shape results from the inherent incompressibility of dark matter. The dark matter compactly surrounds the baryonic matter in a galaxy but should be continuous and increasingly diffuse beyond it. Thus, beyond a certain distance from a galaxy, the dark matter is not constrained to its minimum size and tends to expand. This maximum effective distance is not a precise distance but rather is a range over which the dark matter becomes increasingly free of the baryonic gravitational forces. Such a general limit could be called the constraint radius. This model would explain the current accelerating expansion of the universe.

The creation of a big bang requires that dark matter and baryonic matter first be compactly accumulated. Assume that the surface of the proposed wall of dark matter is locally spherical. Examining a contracting or receding motion of the wall which arises from the oscillation, assume that along two great circles of the spherical surface, two compression waves are created and are traveling toward each other. The last point of contact or closure between the equatorial waves would be at a point on the equator. As these compression waves have thickness, the trace of the closure should be along a line perpendicular to the surface. As there is also a radial compression wave due to the basic oscillation, there should be a special singularity along the radial trace line when the radial wave meets the two equatorial waves. This would be a triple point singularity.

Assuming that string theory has some relevance to this evaluation, perhaps another set of dimensions (x,y,z,t) is available to collect the incoming matter and/or energy. As the dark matter and some baryonic matter flow in, not due to gravity, but due to the natural expansion of dark matter, a local sink occurs. Although the singularity must be open for a very long time to accumulate the amount of energy and matter needed to form a universe, the effective time lapsed in the other set of dimensions may be low or zero. It may be that only energy and dark matter are accumulated.

At some point the triple point singularity closes or the other set of dimensions becomes unstable or some other factor occurs which results in a big bang. If anti-matter is created at the same time, perhaps it is ejected into a separate universe composed of anti-matter and dark matter. The return of an anti-matter universe to the wall might be possible.

The expanding universe thus would be chasing the wall until the oscillation finally reverses. The key evidence that the wall had been reached would be that galaxies would begin to fly apart as they would then be surrounded by uniform compact dark matter. This uniformity of dark matter would neutralize the current local compactness of dark matter around galaxies and would result in a “natural” shape for a galaxy (i.e., shaped only by baryonic gravity).

The dark matter would be “folded” in some manner prior to a big bang when entering a triple point singularity. It would be comparable to a deck of cards in a two dimensional space; when they are stacked they are “folded” but when they are scattered out, they would jostle each other.

A two dimensional analogy for a big bang is the movement of a wave back down a beach toward an incoming wave. If the water and a small observer in the water pass up and over a small rise in the sand, then all the visible water molecules are accelerating away in all directions. The incoming wave is analogous to the wall of dark matter. The maximum reach up the beach by the wave would be analogous to the start of a big bang.

Dark matter is probably composed of discrete units which can be characterized as having relatively large quantum states which are distributed over a broad spectrum with the shortest quantum lengths being at least several hundred kilometers long, The upper bound may be lengths measured in distances up to a major fraction of a light year. If so, dark matter would not interact effectively with baryonic matter.02/11/02It would appear that dark matter is robust. If it has survived folding and unfolding when entering a sink and then being ejected in a big bang, then it probably is insensitive to black holes. One could surmise that the spectra, if any, of dark matter might have been ordered in some manner by this folding and unfolding process. Perhaps there was a preferential unfolding.

02/25/02

It would seem that the oscillating surface probably should not exhibit the same oscillation frequency over the entire surface. Thus it might range from say a time constant of 40 billion years to 1,200 billion years. Further the amplitude involved should vary greatly. As the compactness of the dark matter is largely a function of the proximity of baryonic matter, some surface regions of the wall should be particularly distorted, that is, storm-like, due to the movement and/or lumpiness of the regional baryonic mass. If one type of singularity can be formed then other types should also exist.

Summary (from section 5):

10/18/02...

The proposed sequence thus is as follows: A great and somewhat periodic river of energy gives rise to ultimate black holes, each of which is larger than our universe. The inherent characteristic of the dark matter expands inside of an ultimate black hole causing the creation of a ballooning black hole, the shell of which oscillates about the residual fragment of the original ultimate black hole. This large scale oscillation of a dark shell can create a triple point singularity which is in effect a great sink into which massive amounts of dark matter flow. The dark matter is folded as it goes in. Baryonic matter which enters is converted into energy. At some point, the singularity becomes unstable resulting in a big bang. The folded dark matter then unfolds, except in local black holes and begins to expand except near baryonic matter. Near baryonic matter, there is a limit on compressibility and beyond a given distance, the constraint radius, it expands. A universe ultimately falls back onto the surface of its dark shell and then becomes part of it. Dark shells can be destroyed by rogue singularities but tend to reform.

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